- Vocabulary
- Countable and uncountable nouns
- How much / How many
- Prepositions of place / time
- Where, why and when
- Address
- Dialogue
En esta lección aprenderás estructuras relacionadas con cómo preguntar por cantidades, usar preposiciones de lugar y tiempo, y cómo dar y entender direcciones.
Vocabulary
Este vocabulario debe estudiarse a través de Anki. Todo el material relacionado lo puedes encontrar en My learning journal - Repositorio de GitHub.
| Word | Example |
|---|---|
| A bag of | I bought a bag of apples |
| A bottle of | She drank a bottle of water |
| A box of | He received a box of chocolates |
| A can of | I opened a can of soda |
| A pack of | She bought a pack of gum |
| A jar of | I have a jar of honey |
| A loaf of | I bought a loaf of bread |
| A bar of | He ate a bar of chocolate |
| A tube of | I need a tube of toothpaste |
| A few | I have a few friends coming over |
| A little | I need a little sugar for my coffee |
| A lot | She has a lot of books |
| Grocery store | I went to the grocery store to buy vegetables |
| Shopping center | We went to the shopping center for some shopping |
| At | I will meet you at the park |
| In | The keys are in the drawer |
| On | The book is on the table |
| Under | The shoes are under the bed |
| Fresh | I bought fresh vegetables from the market |
| Ripe | The bananas are ripe |
| Cheese | I like to eat cheese with crackers |
| Honey | I like to add honey to my tea |
| Ice cream | We had ice cream for dessert |
| Lettuce | I made a salad with lettuce and tomatoes |
| Milk | I drink milk every morning |
| Rice | I cooked rice for dinner |
| Sugar | I put sugar in my coffee |
| Wine | We had a glass of wine with dinner |
| Bread | I like to eat bread with butter |
| Butter | I spread butter on my toast |
| Cereal | I eat cereal for breakfast |
| Peas | I like to eat peas with my meals |
| Grapes | I like to eat grapes as a snack |
| Vegetables | I eat vegetables every day for a healthy diet |
| Bag | I put my groceries in a bag |
| Onion | I chopped an onion for the recipe |
| Bowl | I ate soup from a bowl |
| Bottle | I drank water from a bottle |
| Pear | I ate a pear for a snack |
| Lemon | I squeezed lemon juice into my tea |
| Banana | I like to eat a banana for breakfast |
| Apple | I ate an apple as a snack |
| How much sugar is there? | How much sugar is there in the jar? |
| There is a little sugar | There is a little sugar in the bowl |
| Is there any sugar? | Is there any sugar in the tea? |
| Yes, there is some sugar | Yes, there is some sugar in the container |
| How many apples are there? | How many apples are there in the basket? |
| There are three apples | There are three apples on the table |
| There are a few apples | There are a few apples in the fridge |
| Are there any apples in the stand? | Are there any apples in the stand? |
| Yes, there are some apples | Yes, there are some apples in the basket |
| Surrounding | Surrounding the school |
| Such | Fruits such as apples and bananas are healthy |
| Hall | We walked down the hall to the classroom |
| Gathering | We had a family gathering last weekend |
| Held | The conference was held in the city center |
| Supportive | She is very supportive of her friends |
| Leaves | The tree has many leaves |
| Land | The plane landed safely on the land |
| Oven | I baked a cake in the oven |
| Sour | The lemon juice is sour |
| Chives | I sprinkled chopped chives on the salad |
| Lacking | The recipe is lacking salt |
| Scalp | He massaged his scalp to improve circulation |
Countable and uncountable nouns
In English, nouns can be classified as countable or uncountable. Countable nouns refer to things that can be counted, such as "apple" or "book." Uncountable nouns refer to substances or concepts that cannot be counted individually, such as "water" or "information."
| --- | Countable Nouns | Uncountable Nouns |
|---|---|---|
| Definition | Nouns that can be counted as individual items | Nouns that cannot be counted individually |
| Examples | One apple, two books, three cars | Water, sugar, information |
| Quantifiers | Use "a", "an", "one", "two", "few", "many" | Use "some", "much", "a little", "a lot of" |
Countable
- An orange.
- Two chairs.
- Some books.
- There is a cat.
- There are three dogs.
- Is there a restaurant nearby?
Uncountable
- Some water.
- A little sugar.
- Much information.
- There is some milk.
- There isn't any rice.
- Is there any juice?
How much / How many
"How much" and "How many" are used to ask about quantity. "How much" is used with uncountable nouns, while "How many" is used with countable nouns.
| --- | How much | How many |
|---|---|---|
| Question | How much water do you need? | How many apples do you want? |
| Answer | I need a little water | I want three apples |
- A lot: used with both countable and uncountable nouns.
- A few: used with countable nouns.
- A little: used with uncountable nouns.
Examples:
- There is a lot of sugar in the jar (uncountable).
- There are a lot of books on the shelf (countable).
- There is a little milk in the glass (uncountable).
- There are a few chairs in the room (countable).
Prepositions of place / time
Prepositions of place and time are words that show the relationship between a noun (or pronoun) and other words in a sentence, indicating location or time.
IN
- Is used to indicate a location, position, or time, when referring to an enclosed space or area.
- In a room, in a city, in a country, in a box, in the square.
- Also is used to indicate a period of time.
- In the morning, in 1989, in summer.
- Is used to indicate someone is going to a place.
- I am going in the office.
Common phrases with "in":
- In the car.
- In bed.
- In September.
- In the morning.
- In 1989.
AT
- Is used to indicate that someone is occupied in a place or activity.
- At work, at school, at home, at the party, at the meeting, at breakfast.
- Is used to indicate that something is near, or at a position.
- At the corner, at the bus stop, at the supermarket.
- Is used to indicate something is directed to.
- I am looking at you, look at the sky, she is staring at me.
Common phrases with "at":
- At the door.
- At night.
- At lunch.
- At school.
- At work.
In and At are very similar:
- There are 60 people in the theater.
- There are 60 seats at the theater.
In the first sentence, we are talking about people inside the theater. In the second sentence, we are talking about the location of the seats, which are at the theater.
ON
- Indicates contact with a surface.
- On the table, on the wall, on the floor, on the roof, on the wall.
- Indicates the part of body.
- On the head, on the arm, on the leg, on the back, on my knee.
- Is used to talk about positions in straight lines.
- On the left, on the right, on the corner, on the ocean, on the street.
Common phrases with "on":
- On the bus.
- On Monday.
- On page 9.
- On TV.
- On the sofa.
Where, why and when
These are question words used to ask about location, reason, and time.
| Word | Use | Example |
|---|---|---|
| Where | To ask about a place or location | Where is the nearest grocery store? |
| Why | To ask about a reason or purpose | Why are you learning English? |
| When | To ask about a time or occasion | When is your birthday? |
Where = place/location
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Where is the library? | The library is on Main Street |
| Where are the keys? | The keys are in the drawer |
| Where do you live? | I live in New York City |
Why = reason
In this case, we have to use "because" to answer the question (generally).
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Why are you studying English? | I am studying English to improve my job prospects |
| Why is she late? | She is late because of the traffic |
| Why do you like pizza? | Because it is delicious |
When = time
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| When is the meeting? | The meeting is at 3 PM |
| When do you usually wake up? | I usually wake up at 7 AM |
| When is your birthday? | My birthday is in September |
Address
An address is a set of information that describes the location of a building or place. It typically includes the street name and number, city, state or province, postal code, and country.
- Where is your address?
- My address is 123 Main Street, Springfield, IL, 62701, USA.
Common abbreviations used in addresses:
- Avenue = Ave.
- Street = St.
- Road = Rd.
- Boulevard = Blvd.
- Apartment = Apt.
- Drive = Dr. ("camino", "ruta", "entrada" pero en direcciones se usa como "calle")
Dialogue
| Personajes | Diálogo |
|---|---|
| A | Excuse me, can you tell me where the nearest grocery store is? |
| B | Sure! It's on Main Street, next to the post office |
| A | Thank you! And do you know what time it opens? |
| B | Yes, it opens at 8 AM from Monday to Saturday, and at 10 AM on Sundays |
| A | Great! I also need to buy some fresh vegetables. Do they have a good selection? |
| B | Absolutely! They have a wide variety of fresh produce, including lettuce, tomatoes, and cucumbers |
| A | Perfect! One last question, is there a parking lot nearby? |
| B | Yes, there is a parking lot right behind the store. You can park there for free |
| A | Thank you so much for your help! |
Links
- My learning journal ↗ - Repositorio en GitHub