• Vocabulary
• Countable and uncountable nouns
  • Countable
  • Uncountable
• How much / How many
• Prepositions of place / time
  • IN
  • AT
  • ON
• Where, why and when
  • Where = place/location
  • Why = reason
  • When = time
• Address
• Dialogue

En esta lección aprenderás estructuras relacionadas con cómo preguntar por cantidades, usar preposiciones de lugar y tiempo, y cómo dar y entender direcciones.

# Vocabulary

Este vocabulario debe estudiarse a través de Anki. Todo el material relacionado lo puedes encontrar en My learning journal - Repositorio de GitHub.

Inglés	Español	Explicación	Ejemplo
A bag of	Una bolsa de	A container made of flexible material, used for holding or carrying items.	I bought a bag of apples.
A bottle of	Una botella de	A container, typically made of glass or plastic, used for holding liquids.	She drank a bottle of water.
A box of	Una caja de	A container with flat sides and a lid, used for storing or transporting items.	He received a box of chocolates.
A can of	Una lata de	A cylindrical metal container used for storing food or drinks.	I opened a can of soda.
A pack of	Un paquete de	A collection of items wrapped or boxed together.	She bought a pack of gum.
A jar of	Un frasco de	A cylindrical container with a wide mouth, used for storing food or other items.	I have a jar of honey.
A loaf of	Una barra de	A shaped mass of bread that is baked in one piece.	I bought a loaf of bread.
A bar of	Una barra de	A long, narrow piece of solid material, often used for food or construction.	He ate a bar of chocolate.
A tube of	Un tubo de	A long, hollow cylinder used for holding substances like toothpaste or paint.	I need a tube of toothpaste.
A few	Un poco (Unos pocos)	A small number of something.	I have a few friends coming over.
A little	Un poco de	A small amount of something.	I need a little sugar for my coffee.
A lot	Mucho	A large quantity of something.	She has a lot of books.
Grocery store	Tienda de comestibles / Supermercado	A place where food and other household items are sold.	I went to the grocery store to buy vegetables.
Shopping center	Centro comercial	A large building or complex with many stores and businesses.	We went to the shopping center for some shopping.
At	En / A	A preposition used to indicate a specific location or time.	I will meet you at the park.
In	En	A preposition used to indicate location or position within something.	The keys are in the drawer.
On	Sobre / En	A preposition used to indicate position above or in contact with a surface.	The book is on the table.
Under	Debajo de	A preposition used to indicate a position below or beneath something.	The shoes are under the bed.
Fresh	Fresco / Fresca	Something that is recently made, obtained, or harvested.	I bought fresh vegetables from the market.
Ripe	Maduro / Madura	A fruit or vegetable that is fully developed and ready to eat.	The bananas are ripe.
Cheese	Queso	A dairy product made from curdled milk.	I like to eat cheese with crackers.
Honey	Miel	A sweet, viscous substance produced by bees from flower nectar.	I like to add honey to my tea.
Ice cream	Helado	A frozen dessert made from dairy products, sugar, and flavorings.	We had ice cream for dessert.
Lettuce	Lechuga	A leafy green vegetable often used in salads.	I made a salad with lettuce and tomatoes.
Milk	Leche	A white liquid produced by mammals, commonly consumed as a beverage.	I drink milk every morning.
Rice	Arroz	A staple food made from the grains of the rice plant.	I cooked rice for dinner.
Sugar	Azúcar	A sweet substance derived from sugarcane or sugar beets, used to sweeten food and drinks.	I put sugar in my coffee.
Wine	Vino	An alcoholic beverage made from fermented grapes.	We had a glass of wine with dinner.
Bread	Pan	A staple food made from flour, water, and yeast, usually baked.	I like to eat bread with butter.
Butter	Mantequilla	A dairy product made from churning cream or milk.	I spread butter on my toast.
Cereal	Cereal	A breakfast food made from processed grains, often eaten with milk.	I eat cereal for breakfast.
Peas	Guisantes / Chícharos	Small, round green vegetables that grow in pods.	I like to eat peas with my meals.
Grapes	Uvas	Small, round fruits that grow in clusters on vines.	I like to eat grapes as a snack.
Vegetables	Verduras / Vegetales	Edible plants or parts of plants, such as carrots, spinach, and broccoli.	I eat vegetables every day for a healthy diet.
Bag	Bolsa	A flexible container made of plastic, paper, or fabric, used for carrying items.	I put my groceries in a bag.
Onion	Cebolla	A vegetable with a strong flavor and smell, often used in cooking.	I chopped an onion for the recipe.
Bowl	Tazón / Cuenco	A round, deep dish used for holding food or liquids.	I ate soup from a bowl.
Bottle	Botella	A container, typically made of glass or plastic, used for holding liquids.	I drank water from a bottle.
Pear	Pera	A sweet fruit with a rounded base and tapering top.	I ate a pear for a snack.
Lemon	Limón	A yellow citrus fruit known for its sour taste.	I squeezed lemon juice into my tea.
Banana	Plátano / Banana	A long, curved fruit with a yellow peel and soft, sweet flesh.	I like to eat a banana for breakfast.
Apple	Manzana	A round fruit with red, green, or yellow skin and a sweet or tart flavor.	I ate an apple as a snack.
How much sugar is there?	¿Cuánta azúcar hay?	Used to ask about the quantity of sugar.	How much sugar is there in the jar?
There is a little sugar	Hay un poco de azúcar	Used to indicate a small amount of sugar.	There is a little sugar in the bowl.
Is there any sugar?	¿Hay algo de azúcar?	Used to ask if there is any sugar present.	Is there any sugar in the tea?
Yes, there is some sugar	Sí, hay algo de azúcar.	Used to confirm the presence of sugar.	Yes, there is some sugar in the container.
How many apples are there?	¿Cuántas manzanas hay?	Used to ask about the quantity of apples.	How many apples are there in the basket?
There are three apples	Hay tres manzanas	Used to indicate the number of apples.	There are three apples on the table.
There are a few apples	Hay unas pocas manzanas	Used to indicate a small number of apples.	There are a few apples in the fridge.
Are there any apples in the stand?	¿Hay algunas manzanas en el puesto?	Used to ask if there are any apples present.	Maybe there are some apples in the stand.
Yes, there are some apples	Sí, hay algunas manzanas	Used to confirm the presence of apples.	Yes, there are some apples in the basket.
Surrounding	Alrededor de	Located or situated on all sides of something.	The park is surrounding the school.
Such	Como	Used to introduce examples or specify a particular type.	Fruits such as apples and bananas are healthy.
Hall	Pasillo / Sala	A corridor or large room used for gatherings or events.	We walked down the hall to the classroom.
Gathering	Reunión	An assembly or meeting of people for a specific purpose.	We had a family gathering last weekend.
Held	Celebrado / Realizado	To organize or conduct an event or activity.	The conference was held in the city center.
Supportive	Solidario / De apoyo	Providing encouragement or assistance.	She is very supportive of her friends.
Leaves	Hojas	The flat, green parts of a plant that grow from the stem or branches.	The tree has many leaves.
Land	Tierra	The solid surface of the Earth, as opposed to water or air.	The plane landed safely on the land.
Oven	Horno	A kitchen appliance used for baking or roasting food.	I baked a cake in the oven.
Sour	Agrio / Ácido	Having a sharp, tangy taste, often associated with citrus fruits.	The lemon juice is sour.
Chives	Cebollino	A type of herb with a mild onion flavor, often used as a garnish.	I sprinkled chopped chives on the salad.
Lacking	Falta de	The state of not having enough of something.	The recipe is lacking salt.
Scalp	Cuero cabelludo	The skin on the top of the head where hair grows.	He massaged his scalp to improve circulation.

# Countable and uncountable nouns

In English, nouns can be classified as countable or uncountable. Countable nouns refer to things that can be counted, such as "apple" or "book." Uncountable nouns refer to substances or concepts that cannot be counted individually, such as "water" or "information."

---	Countable Nouns	Uncountable Nouns
Definition	Nouns that can be counted as individual items.	Nouns that cannot be counted individually.
Examples	One apple, two books, three cars.	Water, sugar, information.
Quantifiers	Use "a", "an", "one", "two", "few", "many"	Use "some", "much", "a little", "a lot of"

# Countable

• An orange.
• Two chairs.
• Some books.
• There is a cat.
• There are three dogs.
• Is there a restaurant nearby?

# Uncountable

• Some water.
• A little sugar.
• Much information.
• There is some milk.
• There isn't any rice.
• Is there any juice?

# How much / How many

"How much" and "How many" are used to ask about quantity. "How much" is used with uncountable nouns, while "How many" is used with countable nouns.

---	How much	How many
Question	How much water do you need?	How many apples do you want?
Answer	I need a little water.	I want three apples.

• A lot: used with both countable and uncountable nouns.
• A few: used with countable nouns.
• A little: used with uncountable nouns.

Examples:

• There is a lot of sugar in the jar (uncountable).
• There are a lot of books on the shelf (countable).
• There is a little milk in the glass (uncountable).
• There are a few chairs in the room (countable).

# Prepositions of place / time

Prepositions of place and time are words that show the relationship between a noun (or pronoun) and other words in a sentence, indicating location or time.

# IN

1. Is used to indicate a location, position, or time, when referring to an enclosed space or area.
   • In a room, in a city, in a country, in a box, in the square.
2. Also is used to indicate a period of time.
   • In the morning, in 1989, in summer.
3. Is used to indicate someone is going to a place.
   • I am going in the office.

Common phrases with "in":

• In the car.
• In bed.
• In September.
• In the morning.
• In 1989.

# AT

1. Is used to indicate that someone is occupied in a place or activity.
   • At work, at school, at home, at the party, at the meeting, at breakfast.
2. Is used to indicate that something is near, or at a position.
   • At the corner, at the bus stop, at the supermarket.
3. Is used to indicate something is directed to.
   • I am looking at you, look at the sky, she is staring at me.

Common phrases with "at":

• At the door.
• At night.
• At lunch.
• At school.
• At work.

In and At are very similar:

• There are 60 people in the theater.
• There are 60 seats at the theater.

In the first sentence, we are talking about people inside the theater. In the second sentence, we are talking about the location of the seats, which are at the theater.

# ON

1. Indicates contact with a surface.
   • On the table, on the wall, on the floor, on the roof, on the wall.
2. Indicates the part of body.
   • On the head, on the arm, on the leg, on the back, on my knee.
3. Is used to talk about positions in straight lines.
   • On the left, on the right, on the corner, on the ocean, on the street.

Common phrases with "on":

• On the bus.
• On Monday.
• On page 9.
• On TV.
• On the sofa.

# Where, why and when

These are question words used to ask about location, reason, and time.

Word	Use	Example
Where	To ask about a place or location.	Where is the nearest grocery store?
Why	To ask about a reason or purpose.	Why are you learning English?
When	To ask about a time or occasion.	When is your birthday?

# Where = place/location

Question	Answer
Where is the library?	The library is on Main Street.
Where are the keys?	The keys are in the drawer.
Where do you live?	I live in New York City.

# Why = reason

In this case, we have to use "because" to answer the question (generally).

Question	Answer
Why are you studying English?	I am studying English to improve my job prospects.
Why is she late?	She is late because of the traffic.
Why do you like pizza?	Because it is delicious.

# When = time

Question	Answer
When is the meeting?	The meeting is at 3 PM.
When do you usually wake up?	I usually wake up at 7 AM.
When is your birthday?	My birthday is in September.

# Address

An address is a set of information that describes the location of a building or place. It typically includes the street name and number, city, state or province, postal code, and country.

• Where is your address?
• My address is 123 Main Street, Springfield, IL, 62701, USA.

Common abbreviations used in addresses:

• Avenue = Ave.
• Street = St.
• Road = Rd.
• Boulevard = Blvd.
• Apartment = Apt.
• Drive = Dr. ("camino", "ruta", "entrada" pero en direcciones se usa como "calle")

# Dialogue

Personajes	Diálogo
A	Excuse me, can you tell me where the nearest grocery store is?
B	Sure! It's on Main Street, next to the post office.
A	Thank you! And do you know what time it opens?
B	Yes, it opens at 8 AM from Monday to Saturday, and at 10 AM on Sundays.
A	Great! I also need to buy some fresh vegetables. Do they have a good selection?
B	Absolutely! They have a wide variety of fresh produce, including lettuce, tomatoes, and cucumbers.
A	Perfect! One last question, is there a parking lot nearby?
B	Yes, there is a parking lot right behind the store. You can park there for free.
A	Thank you so much for your help!

Última actualización: 19-12-2025