Presente continuo: acciones ahora, materiales y afirmaciones

Vocabulary
The present continuous
Made of
Too / Either
Mini story

El objetivo de esta lección es aprender a usar el presente continuo en inglés, así como vocabulario relacionado con ropa, materiales y actividades cotidianas.

Vocabulary

Este vocabulario debe estudiarse a través de Anki. Todo el material relacionado lo puedes encontrar en My learning journal - Repositorio de GitHub.

Inglés	Español	Explicación	Ejemplo
The	El / La	Definite article used to refer to a specific item or items.	The book is on the table.
Bright	Brillante / Luminoso	Emitting or reflecting a lot of light; vivid in color.	The sun is very bright today.
Pleasant	Agradable / Placido	Giving a sense of happy satisfaction or enjoyment.	We had a pleasant walk in the park.
Rich	Rico / Rica	Having a great deal of money or assets; wealthy.	He is a rich businessman.
Either	Cualquiera de los dos	Used to indicate a choice between two alternatives.	You can choose either the red or the blue one.
Along	A lo largo de	Used to indicate movement from one end to the other of something.	We walked along the beach.
Without	Sin	A preposition used to indicate the absence of something.	I can't live without my phone.
Cotton	Algodón	A soft, fluffy fiber that grows in a boll around the seeds of cotton plants.	The shirt is made of cotton.
Gold	Oro	A precious yellow metal used for making jewelry and coins.	She wears a gold necklace.
Leather	Cuero	A durable and flexible material made from animal skin.	The jacket is made of leather.
Nylon	Nailon	A synthetic fabric known for its strength and elasticity.	The bag is made of nylon.
Polyester	Poliéster	A synthetic fabric that is durable and resistant to shrinking and stretching.	The dress is made of polyester.
Silk	Seda	A natural fiber produced by silkworms, known for its softness and sheen.	The scarf is made of silk.
Wool	Lana	A textile fiber obtained from sheep and other animals, known for its warmth.	The sweater is made of wool.
Solid	Sólido	Firm and stable in shape; not liquid or fluid.	The table is made of solid wood.
Striped	A rayas	Having stripes or bands of color.	She is wearing a striped shirt.
Polka-dot	De lunares	A pattern consisting of an array of filled circles.	The dress has a polka-dot pattern.
Checked	A cuadros	A pattern consisting of squares in alternating colors.	He is wearing a checked shirt.
Plaid	A cuadros	A pattern consisting of crossed horizontal and vertical bands in two or more colors.	The skirt has a plaid design.
Print	Estampado	A pattern or design printed on fabric.	The blouse has a floral print.
Beach	Playa	A sandy or pebbly shore by a body of water.	We went to the beach for vacation.
Brick	Ladrillo	A rectangular block used for building walls and structures.	The house is made of brick.
Cold drink	Bebida fría	A beverage that is served chilled or cold.	I like to drink a cold drink on a hot day.
College	Universidad / Colegio	An educational institution that offers higher education and degrees.	She is studying at college.
Children	Niños / Niñas	Young human beings below the age of puberty.	The children are playing in the park.
Diamond	Diamante	A precious gemstone known for its hardness and brilliance.	She received a diamond ring.
Ending	Final	The conclusion or last part of something.	The movie had a happy ending.
Form	Formulario	A document with blank spaces for information to be filled in.	Please fill out this form.
Milionaire	Millonario / Millonaria	A person who has a net worth of at least one million units of currency.	He became a millionaire through his business.
Radio	Radio	A device used to receive and play audio broadcasts.	I listen to music on the radio.
Sand	Arena	Fine particles of rock and mineral found on beaches and deserts.	The children are playing in the sand.
Sea	Mar	A large body of saltwater that covers most of the Earth's surface.	We went swimming in the sea.
Seaside	Costa	The area where the land meets the sea.	We stayed at a hotel by the seaside.
Shore	Orilla	The land along the edge of a body of water.	We walked along the shore.
Shovel	Pala	A tool with a broad blade and handle used for digging or moving material.	He used a shovel to dig a hole.
Sun	Sol	The star at the center of our solar system that provides light and heat to the Earth.	The sun is shining brightly.
Sunset	Atardecer / Puesta de sol	The time in the evening when the sun goes below the horizon.	We watched the beautiful sunset.
Towel	Toalla	A piece of absorbent fabric used for drying or wiping.	I use a towel after swimming.
Excitement	Emoción	A feeling of great enthusiasm and eagerness.	The children were filled with excitement on Christmas morning.
T-shirt	Camiseta	A casual shirt with short sleeves and no collar.	He is wearing a blue T-shirt.
Tie	Corbata	A piece of cloth worn around the neck, typically by men, for formal occasions.	He wore a tie to the wedding.
Tennis shoes	Zapatillas de tenis	Athletic shoes designed for playing tennis.	She bought new tennis shoes for the match.
Swimming trunks	Bañador / Pantalones de baño	A type of swimwear worn by men for swimming.	He wore swimming trunks at the beach.
Sweat suit	Chándal	A set of clothing consisting of a sweatshirt and sweatpants, typically worn for exercise or casual wear.	He wore a sweat suit to the gym.
Sneakers	Zapatillas deportivas	Casual athletic shoes designed for comfort and everyday wear.	She bought new sneakers for running.
Skirt	Falda	A piece of clothing that hangs from the waist and covers the lower part of the body.	She is wearing a red skirt.
Shirt	Camisa	A garment worn on the upper body, typically with buttons down the front.	He is wearing a white shirt.
Robe	Bata	A loose-fitting garment worn over clothes, often used for lounging or after bathing.	She put on a robe after her shower.
Raincoat	Impermeable	A waterproof coat worn to protect against rain.	He wore a raincoat during the storm.
Pullover	Suéter / Jersey	A knitted garment worn on the upper body for warmth.	She is wearing a woolen pullover.
Jeans	Vaqueros / Pantalones vaqueros	Casual pants made of denim fabric.	He is wearing blue jeans.
Heeled shoe	Zapato de tacón	A type of shoe with a raised heel, typically worn by women.	She wore heeled shoes to the party.
Dress	Vestido	A one-piece garment for women or girls that covers the body and extends down over the legs.	She is wearing a beautiful dress.
Jacket	Chaqueta	A piece of clothing worn on the upper body, typically with sleeves and a front opening.	He is wearing a leather jacket.
Bathing suit	Traje de baño	A garment worn for swimming, typically consisting of a one-piece or two-piece outfit.	She wore a bathing suit at the pool.
Buy	Comprar	To acquire something in exchange for money.	I want to buy a new car.
Carry	Llevar	To hold or transport something from one place to another.	She carries a bag to school.
Cultivate	Cultivar	To prepare and use land for growing crops or plants.	They cultivate vegetables in their garden.
Dance	Bailar	To move rhythmically to music.	They dance at parties.
Dig	Cavar	To break up and move soil or earth.	He digs a hole in the ground.
Do	Hacer	To perform an action or task.	I do my homework every day.
Double	Doblar	To fold or bend something in half.	She doubles the paper to make a card.
Enjoy	Disfrutar	To take pleasure in something.	They enjoy going to the beach.
Fix	Arreglar	To repair or mend something that is broken.	He fixes his bike when it is damaged.
Go	Ir	To move from one place to another.	They go to school every day.
Install	Instalar	To set up or put something in place for use.	He installs new software on his computer.
Laugh	Reír	To make sounds and movements of the face and body that express amusement or happiness.	They laugh at funny jokes.
Lay	Acostar / Poner	To place something down in a flat position.	She lays the book on the table.
Lie	Mentir / Yacer	To be in a horizontal position / To tell an untruth.	He lies on the bed to rest. / She lies about her age.
Operate	Operar	To control or manage a machine or system.	He operates the machinery at work.
Paint	Pintar	To apply color to a surface using a brush or other tools.	She paints pictures as a hobby.
Play music	Tocar música	To perform music using an instrument or voice.	He plays music in a band.
Repair	Reparar	To fix or restore something that is broken or damaged.	He repairs cars in his garage.
Run	Correr	To move quickly on foot.	They run in the park every morning.
Saw	Serruchar	To cut something using a saw.	He saws wood to make furniture.
Shine	Brillar	To emit light or reflect light brightly.	The sun shines in the sky.
Sip	Sorber	To drink a liquid slowly in small amounts.	She sips her tea carefully.
Sleep	Dormir	To rest in a state of unconsciousness.	He sleeps for eight hours every night.
Swim	Nadar	To move through water using the limbs.	They swim in the pool during summer.
Talk	Hablar	To communicate using spoken words.	They talk on the phone every day.
Wear	Llevar puesto	To have clothing or accessories on one's body.	She wears a hat to protect herself from the sun.
Write	Escribir	To form letters, words, or symbols on a surface using a pen, pencil, or other tools.	He writes stories in his notebook.
Sell	Vender	To exchange goods or services for money.	She sells handmade crafts at the market.
Spend	Gastar / Pasar	To use money to buy something / To pass time doing something.	He spends money on clothes. / They spend time together on weekends.
Turquoise	Turquesa	A blue-green color that resembles the gemstone turquoise.	She wore a turquoise dress to the party.
Light green	Verde claro	A pale shade of green.	The leaves on the trees are light green in spring.
Grey	Gris	A color that is a mix of black and white.	The cat has grey fur.
Dark green	Verde oscuro	A deep shade of green.	The forest is filled with dark green trees.
Cream	Crema	A pale yellowish-white color.	She wore a cream-colored dress to the wedding.
Beige	Beige	A light brownish-yellow color.	The walls of the house are painted beige.
Right now	Ahora mismo	At this very moment.	I am busy right now.
Right away	Enseguida / Ahora mismo	Immediately; without delay.	I will do it right away.
Made of	Hecho de	Used to indicate the material from which something is made.	The table is made of wood.
She's getting a suntan	Ella se está bronceando.	To become darker in color due to exposure to the sun.	She's getting a suntan at the beach.
They're having a good time	Ellos lo están pasando bien.	To enjoy oneself; to have fun.	They're having a good time at the party.
He's sipping cold drinks	Él está bebiendo bebidas frías a sorbos.	To drink a liquid slowly in small amounts.	He's sipping cold drinks by the pool.
She's wearing a pink bathing suit	Ella está usando un traje de baño rosa.	To have clothing or accessories on one's body.	She's wearing a pink bathing suit at the beach.

The present continuous

The present continuous is used to describe actions that are happening at the moment of speaking or around the current time. It is formed using the verb "to be" (am, is, are) followed by the base verb with an "-ing" ending.

The action is happening now (the action is not finished yet).

Affirmative:
- I am eating.
- You are playing.
- He/She/It is running.
- We are studying.
- They are dancing.
Negative:
- I am not wearing.
- You are not speaking.
- He/She/It is not sleeping.
- We are not cooking.
- They are not swimming.
Interrogative Yes/no:
- Am I working?
- Are you reading?
- Is he/she/it playing?
- Are we traveling?
- Are they singing?
Interrogative Wh- questions:
- What am I doing?
- Where are you going?
- Why is he/she/it crying?
- When are we leaving?
- How are they feeling?

Basically, we add "-ing" to form the present continuous:

Verb	Example
Play	I am playing soccer.
Eat	She is eating a sandwich.
Run	They are running in the park.
Speak	He is speaking to his friend.
Read	We are reading a book.
Lie	The cat is lying on the sofa.
Stop	They are stopping the car.

Made of

"Made of" se utiliza para indicar el material del que está hecho un objeto. Se usa cuando el material original es todavía reconocible en el objeto final.

Made of is used to indicate the material from which an object is made. It is used when the original material is still recognizable in the final object.

Question	Answer
What is the table made of?	The table is made of wood.
What are the shoes made of?	The shoes are made of leather.
What is the shirt made of?	The shirt is made of cotton.
What is the necklace made of?	The necklace is made of gold.

"Made of" is "hecho de" in Spanish.

Too / Either

"Too" is used in affirmative sentences to indicate that something applies to an additional person or thing. It is placed at the end of the sentence.

"Either" is used in negative sentences to indicate that something applies to an additional person or thing. It is also placed at the end of the sentence.

Affirmative	Negative
She likes ice cream too.	He doesn't like broccoli either.
They are coming to the party too.	We aren't going to the concert either.
I love chocolate too.	She doesn't play tennis either.
I am enjoying, too.	I am not working, either.

Mini story

Some friends are having a great time at the beach. They are enjoying the sun, swimming in the sea, and playing games on the shore. One of them is building a sandcastle while another is reading a book under an umbrella. They are all wearing their bathing suits and sunglasses to protect themselves from the bright sun. The sound of the waves and the laughter of friends create a pleasant atmosphere. They are planning to stay until sunset to watch the beautiful colors in the sky as the sun goes down. It's a perfect day at the seaside!

Última actualización: 15-12-2025